Reading a wine label
Tap a number on the label to see what the statement means. What is mandatory, what is optional, and what indicates an organic wine.
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1 The designation Mandatory
The name of the appellation, followed by “appellation d’origine protégée” or “contrôlée” (protected or controlled designation of origin): the wine comes from the Fronton PDO area and complies with its specifications. For a PGI wine, you would read, for example, “IGP Comté Tolosan”.
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2 The estate and the cuvée Customary
The estate’s name identifies the producer; the cuvée name, freely chosen, distinguishes its wines from one another.
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3 The vintage Optional
The year of the harvest. It is not mandatory; if it is shown, at least 85% of the grapes must have been harvested in that year.
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4 The volume Mandatory
The nominal volume: 75 cl for a bottle, 37.5 cl for a half-bottle, 150 cl for a magnum.
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5 The alcohol content Mandatory
The alcoholic strength by volume, in % vol. “13,5 % vol” means 13.5 ml of alcohol per 100 ml of wine.
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6 Allergens Mandatory
“Contient des sulfites” (contains sulphites) from 10 mg per litre, which means on almost every wine. Egg- or milk-derived products used to fine the wine must also be declared if they remain present in it.
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7 The pregnant woman pictogram Mandatory
Mandatory in France since 2007. It is a reminder that drinking alcoholic beverages during pregnancy, even in small amounts, can have serious consequences for the child’s health.
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8 The bottler Mandatory
The name and address of whoever bottled the wine. The statements “mis en bouteille au château” (bottled at the château) or “à la propriété” (at the estate) are regulated: they mean that the holding which harvested the grapes and made the wine also bottled it.
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9 The country of origin Mandatory
“Produit de France” (Product of France): the country where the grapes were harvested and made into wine.
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10 The lot number Mandatory
It makes it possible to trace a bottle’s origin, for example in the event of a recall. It often begins with the letter L.
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11 The EU organic logo Mandatory for an organic wine
The European Union’s star leaf, with the code of the certification body (FR-BIO-01 for Ecocert, which certifies the estate) and the origin of the grapes, “Agriculture France” or “Agriculture UE” (EU agriculture). The French AB logo may be added.
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12 The energy value and the QR code Mandatory since 2023
Since 8 December 2023, the energy value has appeared on the label, per 100 ml. The list of ingredients and the full nutrition declaration can be provided online, via a QR code.
What is mandatory
The designation, such as “Fronton, appellation d’origine protégée” (protected designation of origin); the nominal volume, 75 cl for a bottle; the alcoholic strength, in % vol; the statement “Contient des sulfites” (contains sulphites) from 10 mg per litre; the pregnant woman pictogram, mandatory in France since 2007; the country of origin; the name and address of the bottler; the lot number.
Since 8 December 2023, the energy value has also appeared on the label. The list of ingredients and the nutrition declaration can be provided via a QR code.
What is optional, but regulated
The vintage is not mandatory; when it is shown, at least 85% of the grapes must come from that year. Statements such as “mis en bouteille au château” (bottled at the château) or “à la propriété” (at the estate) are regulated. The Vigneron indépendant logo indicates a winegrower who grows their vines, makes their wine and sells it themselves.
Recognising an organic wine
An organic wine carries the European Union’s star leaf, with the code of the body that inspects it and the origin of the grapes. The French AB logo may be added. Château Saint Louis’s vines have been certified organic by Ecocert since 2005.
Your questions
Frequently asked questions
What does AOP mean on a wine label?
Appellation d’origine protégée (protected designation of origin, PDO): the wine comes from a defined area and complies with specifications that set the grape varieties, yields and practices. AOC is the French name for the same protection.
Why does “contient des sulfites” appear on almost every wine?
Because the statement is mandatory from 10 mg of sulphites per litre, and fermentation naturally produces a little. Added sulphites protect the wine from oxidation and bacteria.
Is the vintage mandatory?
No. But if it is shown, at least 85% of the grapes must have been harvested in that year.
How can you tell if a wine is organic?
Look for the European organic logo, the star leaf, accompanied by the code of the certification body. Without this logo, the word “bio” (organic) is not permitted.
Further reading
- Winegrower’s glossary Boulbène, coulure, settling, ageing: the words of the vineyard and the cellar, explained simply.
- Storing wine Is your cellar ready? And how long can you keep an opened bottle?
- Which wine should I choose? A few questions about the moment, the dish and the budget, and we suggest the right bottle.
Sources
- Regulation (EU) 2021/2117: nutrition labelling of wines EUR-Lex
- Organic farming: the EU logo Commission européenne